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A Model of the Enforcement of Laws in Tramadol Drug Abusers
Research Article January 08, 2026

A Model of the Enforcement of Laws in Tramadol Drug Abusers

Soil Water Vegetation Carrying Capacity and Quality Agricultural Produce
Research Article January 05, 2026

Soil Water Vegetation Carrying Capacity and Quality Agricultural Produce

Detection of Adenoviruses and Astroviruses in Patients and Marine Animals in the Republic of Guinea
Research Article January 09, 2026

Detection of Adenoviruses and Astroviruses in Patients and Marine Animals in the Republic of Guinea

The Cancer Stem Cell Concept as Applied to Prostate Cancer
Research Article January 22, 2026

The Cancer Stem Cell Concept as Applied to Prostate Cancer

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Published: January 08, 2026 (113d) publication certificate
A Model of the Enforcement of Laws in Tramadol Drug Abusers Research Article

A Model of the Enforcement of Laws in Tramadol Drug Abusers

SS Singh*Nivedita Singh and Shaswati Handique

Tramadol initially use as an analgesic which lead to addiction and overdose worldwide due to prolong consumption, particularly in low and middle income countries. This paper deals with a mathematical approach of Multiple Relapse Tramadol Abuse Model (MRTAM) to analyze affected population with time domain. This model is a non-linear compartmental framework, which simulates the abuse progression. Parameters such as prevention rate (σ), relapse rate (ξ2), treatment rate (ξ1), and law enforcement (η) influence the abuse population and the reproduction number (R0). Eigenvalues of the dynamics are derived to analyze the stability and behavior of the system. Results show that the system is highly sensitive to prescription inflow, progression and prevention parameters. Endemic equilibrium is obtained and also presented the analysis of bifurcation and partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) to quantify and assess the influence of various parameters on the abuse population. 
MSC Classification: 92C60; 92D25